박영관YoungKwanPark

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to probe the relationship between GNP and sport for all. In order to meet this purpose, the following three subsequent research questions were analyzed and these were : 1) GNP /N and its impact on leisure activity expenses, 2) relationship among sports apparatus industry’s product scale, product company number and GNP, 3) relationship among public sports facilities, social physical director and GNP. Based upon these analyses, it was concluded that sport for all compaign would increase productivity and finally would contribute to the continuously economical growth of Korea.

Key Words

김교성GyoSungKim

DOI:

Abstract

This study examines the relation that the demand quantity of attention and complicated task have an influence on reaction time. To accomplish our object like this, this study conducted a measurement experiment about reaction time by using a hearing task with 8 right-handed school boy in K University according to main demand and numerical value in task choice under 3 level. This study comes to a conclusion like this according to experiment result. 1) reaction time in performing a hearing task increases as high as the demand quantity of attention. 2) reaction time in performing a hearing task increases as many as numerical value in task choice.

Key Words

이상봉SangBongLee , 정용민YongMinChung

DOI:

Abstract

The Purpose of this study was to find out pro-soccer and baseball players’ organizational commitment. 336 questionnaires(soccer ; 128, baseball : 208) were analysed for this study. Players’ organizational commitment was measured by organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) which developed by Porter et al(1974). Also, individual characteristics were measured by additional section of questions. Cronbach’s coefficient of OCQ were 0.644-0.821. After those analyses of the data, the following conclusion could be drawn. 1. The subjects’ organizational commitment appeared to be higher than the medium score. The organizational commitment of professional soccer and baseball players’ were regarded as relatively high. 2. According to the subjects’ personal characteristics, organizational commitment was as follows: 1) There was no difference in religion and in scholastic career. 2) The significant correlational variables which we could see in statistics between the subjects’ general characteristics and the organizational commitment were (1) the age and organizational commitment, professional careers and organizational commitment, and the annual salaries and organizational commitment in the case of professional soccer players’. (2) the age and organizational commitment, the annual salaries and organizational commitment in the case of professional baseball players’. 3) Only in the case of professional soccer players, the organizational commitment of the married proved to higher than that of the single players.

Key Words

김도연DoYeonKim , 김창규ChangKweKim

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide necessary information for the guidance and selection soccer and basketball players at the elementary school level. The groups studied comprisied 90 students in the Taegu area. 25 test variables were used in this study, including 17 variables for physique and 8 variables for physical fitness. Factor analysis was made according to the principle component analysis method. The conclusion of this study is as follows : First. The number of factors was extracted as follows: at the elementary school level, 5 factors from general students, 6 factors each from soccer players and basketball players. Second. Length, girth and volume are found to be important physique factors for all students. Third. The factor of balance was extracted from all the groups studied. This study was extracted as the factor the size of foot for the soccer player and the length of leg for the basketball player at the elementary school level. Fourth. In selecting ball players, desirable variables of test for soccer players is a larger foot width and a larger upper thigh length is required for the basketball players. In testing physical fitness, vertical jump are appropriate for the soccer players and standing board jump in selecting basketball players.

Key Words

안덕환

DOI:

Abstract

Key Words

김종백JongBeakKim

DOI:

Abstract

The researcher wants to reveal the consumers' behavior by analyzing their cost utility conscious ness and attitude of use or purchase. The subjects were 510 consumers who frequen; the O public sports facilities and the H privated sports facilities. The following sums up the results : 1. The user fees of the public sports facilities were found different from the consumeres’ charge consciousness. The consumers’ attitude was not affected by the cost rise of 1.000~1.500 won other words, the consciousness of price and cost-utility is very low in public sports serv his means that the service of the public sports facilities is provided at an extremely inexpensive cost. 2. The O and H sports facilities showed a difference in the consumers' cost-utility consciousness. The former public facilities revealed no influence on the users' attitude (like rejection, reduction or continuation) by way of price change, while the latter private facilities had an effect on the consumers’ attitude by cost rise. 3. As for the price-utility consciousness based on the consumers' attributes, females rather than males and the older people rather than the younger people tended to think high of price. 4. Even in the same sports service provider and business or event, the attitude of use or purchase was found different according to the consumers’ attributes. Though there was seer no difference in the division of sex or income, the older one was, the more one continued to use the sports facilities.

Key Words

안정훈JeungHunAn

DOI:

Abstract

This study is a discussion of the health condition and lifestyles do the middle aged and the relationship between lifestyle and health condition, concluding with some recommendations towards a better life. This study shows that a majority of the middle-aged Koreans can be called work-oriented and it is said that only a few of them make the best use of leisure time. This study pointed out the facts that it is apparent middle-aged people have an awareness of the importance of the relation between lifestyle and healthier life. In the results of this study, the following recommendations are made for more healthy life. 1. Making a good use of leisure time. 2. Having a purpose of life. 3. Paying a strong attention to one’s own health.

Key Words

채한승HanSeungChae

DOI:

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how various athletic meetings have been developed in the introduction and settlement of Korean modern physical education and how the characters appeared according to the period have been. As there was a quickening of modern physical education, and various athletic meetings were held giving the first consideration to athletic sports, the athletic meetiongs were at the height of prosperity and the modern athletic sports were practiced, spread by missionaries, Those athletic meetings contributed to not only performing the education like the import and introduction of modern culture and the inspiration of patriotic sentiment, including games, amusements and speech meetings. It was the bitters of our physical education to be modernized by the need of Japanese exploitation of the colony for 36 years for Korean and Japanese annexation. In the athletic sports the skills to Korean society and athletes. And introducing new sports, they performed great services in the promotion of domestic physical education. On the other hand, our athletes won prizes at the international Olympic games, and Son, Kee-Jeong, a inspiration of our national consciousness in the gloomy period. When Japan invaded continent in 1930s, they revised physical education with the kinds of fight training. in other to strengthen the policy of physical education to militaristic war structure. Therefore, it was very hard time in our physical education. As the autonomy at physical education was restored with the liberation in 1945, every physical education organization was adapted for the international situation through the medium of sports and activated domestically international athletic meeting and each sort of athletic meeting in other to improve competition power. Also internationally, they sent athletes to various international tournaments including Olympic games and Asian games, and enhanced the nation’s prestige abroad. The epoch-making promotion of physical education was made at the height of Seoul Olympic games in 1988.

Key Words

정구인KooInJUNG

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental tougness of gymnasts and to suggest ways of performance enhancement using Loehr’s AET(Athletic Excellent Training) program. Subjects were ninety-eight male(middle school:21, high school:36, college:41) and eighty-two deviations, two-way ANOVAs were employed to analyze the data. The major findings of this study were as follows; Arousal control, Attention control were significant between high school and college gymnasts. High school gymnasts showed lower score than that of college gymnasts(P<.05). Imagery score of middle school group was significantly lower than that of college gymnasts(P<.05), Attitude control showed significantly different among groups and post hoc results indicate that the score of Attitude control middle school group was lower than that of high school and college gymnasts groups(P<.05). In general Self-confidence, Arousal control, Attention control level, which are important factors of gymnastics, were lower then the norm of AET. Since Imagery, Motivation level, Positive energy, Attitude control level of middle school groups were very low, we’ve got to have a reguler mental tougness training program systematicaly to improve female middle school gymnasts performance.

Key Words

장영인YoungInChang

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the precision of vision and kinesthetic through linear positioning task. Many studies have been reported so far, but each of them was somewhat different. Some researchers insisted they had got a better performance by keeping their subjects perform the task blindfoldedly. Others reported the oposite results. But the former is said to be a little more effective based on the previous studies. That’s why the author began to study this problem. In this study, 20 middle school male students were used as subjects, who were all right-handed and had no previous experence on this task. They were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups such as kinesthetic group, kinesthetic visual group, visual-kinethetic group, and visual group. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures and a post hoc Scheffe test were used in order to see whether there exists significance among the groups. It is concluded that visual group performed the best based on this study differently from what the authors expected. So. the hypothesis of this study was rejected. Discussing the above-mentioned result, we can’t deny the fact that vision would be a little hindrance in performing the speedy task such as piano playing of typing if we see the keyboard and task alternately. However, it is thought that kinesthetic itself can’t exeed the visual ability if we don’t consider the speed when we process the information. Therefore, It may be concluded that visual group was the best in this study because we didn’t consider the speed.

Key Words

최재원JaeWonChoi

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study to find out the effect of mental practice on shooting record improvement. Subjects consisted of 20 high school shooting elite player and divided into 2 groups, Each of group consisted of 10 player. One was mental practiced group, the other had not mental practice. To measure shooting record and anxiety level, I used the point allotted to subject when a ball struck a target and subject struck to 9, 10 score. After finishing practice, shooting record and anxiety level was retested, the results of this study were : 1. Mental practice was effective on the improvement of shooting record. 2. Mental practice was a few effective on the decrease of anxiety level. 3. Anxiety level of shooting concentrated to regular range.

Key Words

권대인DaeInKwon , 박진성JinSeongPark

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the four factors of team cohesiveness that each individual of group members shows according to the group members` sex, the sport events, and the levels of performance. 191 high school sport athletes(97 boys, 94 girls) were used as subjects for this study. They were divided into two groups(high vs. low) according to their perfomance of the official games in 1992. And they were administered a GEQ(Group Environment Questionnaire) questionnaire. The results from the analysis of GEQ are as follows ; ① In individual attractions to group-task, the cohesiveness of team sport is much higher than that of individual sport. ② In individual attractions to group-social attitudes, the teams of low performance were much more cohesive than those of high performance for boys. But, the high performance teams were more cohesive than the low performance teams for girls. ③ In group integration-task, the high performance teams were more cohesive than the low performance teams. Boys were more cohesive in the team sports, but girls in the individual sports. Both sex alike, the high performance teams were more cohesive than the low performance teams. In case of boys, there was little difference of cohesiveness between the high and the low teams, but an case of girls, there was a big difference of cohesiveness. ④ In group integration-social respect, the teams of high performance were more cohesive than those of low performance.

Key Words

오혜순HaeSoonOh

DOI:

Abstract

Although dance has traditionally been expressed as an integrated art or a creative art reflecting the cultural-social and emotional nature through movement, resent researchers in dance education have begun to scientifically analyze dance movement, using various motor control and learning principles. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that dance movement learning in modeling process is enhanced by visual feedback of movement and movement rehersal. Visual feedback concurrently produced by dance movement would be optimally timed for concepting-action matiching and movement rehersal would serve to refine the cognitive representation. To thest these hypotheses, subjects observed a series of modeled dance movements, and they were tested for their ability to reproduce it with either concurrent, delayed, or no visual feedback conditions. Following each movement reproduction, subjects in each of the three feedback conditions eigher engaged in movement rehearsal or did not reherse the movement pattern. At selected points in the series, the acuracy of subject’s cognitive representation of the modeled movement was measured. In the final phase of the experiment, subjects reproduced the movement pattern without the aid of modeling or visual feedback. Concurrent visual feedback greatly facilitated dance movement learning, whereas delayed visual feedback did not affect the acqusition process. Rehearsal enhenced cognitive representation and movement reproduction. The more accurate the cognitive representation of the modeled pattern, the more skilled were the subsequent reproductions of it. After repeating feedback and rehearsal processes, subjects showed no decline accuracy when modling and visual monitoring were withdrawn.

Key Words

안영필YoungPilAn , 김유수YooSooKim

DOI:

Abstract

At present, roughly 450 pro baseball players are engaged in 8 teams. Throughout the history of Korean pro baseball, somewhat positive aspects were highlighted while its negative facets, such as the minimization of an annual salary owing to the team corporation’s self-centered management and the early retirement of athletes due to the very poor system of controlling players, have not beer. properly considered. Therefore, this research aims at obtaining fundamental data of some use to the management of players and helping them become the real Sport hero of this age through the precise examination of the reality of Korean pro baseball athletes. This study revealed the following salient findings : 1) 62.1% of the subject players graduated from college, well reflecting the inclination toward higher education in the professional sport arena. 65.1% earend less than 15 million won. This poor annual salary becomes the greatest discontent. And. 78.5% of the subjects started their carrer from elementary school days. The age of the players averaged 24.9 and their average activity lasted merely 3.6 years. 2) The factors deciding to satisfaction of the life are 「Meaning of baseball」 「Sport club experience and achievement in school days」 「Years of involvement」 「Conciousness as a pro athlete」 「Living conditions」「Age」 「Educational background」 「Family composition」「Income」 「Type of residence」 etc.

Key Words

김범식BEOMSIKKIM

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the effect of direct participation of organized sports on familism. The samples(N=423) was randomly selected from the athletes that had been enrolled in KOC among the students of university in Seoul, Daegoo, and Kwangju. The instrument was used the questionnaire of Kim, Beon-Sik(1992) Which was organized on the basis of the questionnaire of Ok,Sun-Wha(1985. 1989). Heller(1976). A self - evaluation - reporting-questionnaire was composed of 16 items on 4 factors(Family Priority:Fp, Family Continuity:FC, Respect to Patents:RP, Family So lidarity:FS) of familism. Likert’s 5 point scale method was used to evaluate the data. The standardization for the questionnaire was tested in Cronbach’s α(α=.9206). The statiskical methodes to analyze the data were t-Test, ANOVA, discriminant analysis at the .05 significant level. The results were as follows: It was indicated that athletes showed the different evaluation on familism according to various subvariables. 1) With regard to gender the male athletes showed higher evaluation than the female athletes in FC(P<.001), RP(P<.05), and FS(P<.001). 2) With regard to social class, athletes of upper class showed the highest evaluation in FP(P<.001) and FC(<.01) :athletes of lower class showed the highest evaluation in RP(P<.05). 3) With regard to careers, athletes of lower careers showed the highest evaluation in RP (P<.001) . 4) With regard to status, athletes of lower status in the tem showed the highest evaluation in FS(P<.001). 5) With regard to experience to participate in the international contest, athletes of having no experience to participate showed higher evaluation in FS(P<.001).

Key Words

김정희JEONGHEEKIM

DOI:

Abstract

As the classical dancing in these days is functionally highly developed, various dancing activities showing high artistic value are being performed in many ways. On the other hand, it is also true that the study on creative education of dancing in order to help students develope their creative ability has been relatively inactive. If it is one of the educational aims to develope one’s personality in harmony, it is natural that dancing education be performed in such a way that can cultivate one’s creativity. Nevertheless, as there is no systematic method of creative education in dancing yet, passive and unproductive method of education has been used, merely presenting a subject or music. First of all, it is vitally important to develope movement model for creation, since the creative activity is possible only when we get to know how to move body in dancing. In this regard, I made a model of creative study based on the subject-study theory, in an effort to activate dancing education by applying it to actual dancing lessons. I believe that the subject-study model, development of one hour lesson, and unit composition for the first term, which are introduced hereafter, will be useful in creative study.

Key Words

이영심YeongShimLee

DOI:

Abstract

Upon research and analysis on the responses concerning leisure hour activities of Cheju Junior College first year girl students and Halla Junior College first year girl students, the following results were obtained. 1. As regards to the experience of receiving leisure education, it was reveled that 80.5% of them answered, and as to the necessity of leisure education, it was disclosed that the response with “it is necessary” was 95%. It was further revealed that the reason for the necessity of leisure education was “in order to take a rest and to maintain a good health” by 36%. 2. In utilization of leisure hours, it was indicated that the response of “utilizing a little” had 61% and “not utilizing” had 21.5%. 3. For the degree of contents with leisure activities in college, it was revealed that the response of “not contented” had 72.5% and for facilities and contexts, “not contented” by 79%. 4. Of the leisure activities out of college, for the leisure activities during the weekend, “house-keeping and washing clothings” were 32.5%, and for the leisure activity during vacation, “cognitional activity” had 46%. It was indicated that the element of obstacle was “lack of methods and basic knowledge” by 38.5%. 5. For the degree of concern about sports in leisure activities, the existence of sports experience was “sometimes play” by 73.5%. 6. For the interest of sports, “a little” had 60.5%, the reason of exercise was “for taking pressure” by 35.5%, and that of no exercise was “lack of spare time” by 32.5%. 7. For the kind of sports they want to learn, “table tennis” had 29.5, and for the best playing sports, “badminton” had 22.5%. The reason that they think it the best playing sports was “I am a good player” by 45%. 8. For the element of obstacle of sports activities, “lack of place” was 39%, and for the future necessity of sports activities, “be positively necessary” was 92.5%,the highest rate.

Key Words

김경수 , 서상옥

DOI:

Abstract

Key Words

김덕경DukKyungKim , 장인성InSungJang

DOI:

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of variability in practice on motor learning, Forty right handed subjects were randomly assigned to one of four(n=10) experimental conditions. All groups received 9 acquisition blocks consisting of five test trials per block. Following 45 acquisition trials, subjects performed 10 transfer trials. The results of the study found that a group of fixed target shape variable throwing location obtained better performance than other three groups. However, it is suggested that all groups enhanced performance in transfer because practice pattern involving different variations reflected a kind of variable practice, particularly for children.

Key Words

김인숙InSookKim , 김동희DongHeeKim , 박병림ByungLimPark

DOI:

Abstract

The role of the vestibular system on the control of posture during turning of ballet was observed in 27 female students aging 18∼23 years. Eye movement was recorded by means of electrooculography with telemetry system during rightward or leftward turning on ballet. Subjects were divided into 3 groups : Group A was ballerina with a long career, group B was with a short career, and group C was not a ballerina. Eye movement was elicited toward opposite direction of body rotation when turning on ballet was started, and the eye moved to the maximum point of same direction to body rotation when the body turned to 180°. But the eye moved to the opposite direction of body turned to 360° or original position. In ballerina group(Group A and B) the regular pattern of eye movement appeared during 10 turns but an irregular eye movement and frequent nystagmus were observed in non ballerina group (Group C). T₁, duration of initial portion from peak point to peak point on eye movement, was shorter than T₂, duration of last portion from peak point to peak point on eye movement, in ballerina group, but they were almost same in non-ballerina group. However, group A and group B had no significant difference in T₁, T₂. Postrotatory nystagmus was continued for more than 30 seconds in non-ballerina group but there was no or weak postrotatory nystagmus in ballerina group. In conclusion, pattern of eye movement, duration of eye movement, and postrotatory nystagmus induced by turning on ballet were quite different between ballerina group and non-ballerina group. Therefore, measurement of the vestibuloocular reflex induced by turning may be useful to select a good ballerina as well as to train a ballerina.

Key Words

김현수HyunSooKim , 이광희KwangHeeLee , 전태원TaeWonJun , 정성태SungTaeJung

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of intermittent aerobic exercise and unsupervised hypocaloric diet on body composition, cardiovascular function, and some cardiovascular risk factors in obese schoolgirls. Nine subjects were volunteered as participants. The program lasted 14 weeks and consited of 3∼5 days/week supervised aerobic intermittent exercise (HR relative to VT) with an unsupervised diet(mean 1,740 ㎉/day). The program resulted in a mean decrease in body weight of 3.0㎏ for the Ex. group(p>0.05). Mean(±SD) relative body fat decreased from 37.2±2.7 to 28.6±2.1%(p<0.05). Cardiovascular function as evidenced by both V˙O₂@V˙T and VO₂max, increased 18.9%, 10.1% respectively. Triglyceride significantly dropped from a mean value of 190.6±79.3 to 139.8±52.0㎎/dl(p<0.05). HDLC increased from 32.2±3.3 to 3.9.4±2.9㎎/dl(p<0.05). It was conclude that a combination of supervised aerobic intermittent exercise plus unsupervised diet can favorably improve body composition, cardiovascular function and cardiovascular risk factors.

Key Words

최희남HeeNamChoi

DOI:

Abstract

Key Words

김형돈HyungDonKim , 선우섭SubSunoo , 최영렬YoungRyulChoi

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in blood lactate concentration and aerobic work capacity of the taekwondo athletes during the game. Twelve male(19.96±0.7) and seven female(18.50±0.8)athletes participated in this study. HLa and glucose were measured during the intermitten period and after the game. HR was monitored throughout the game with the one minute interval. In addition subjects completed a maximal aerobic work test on a Monark bicycle ergomter to determine VO₂max, %HLa max, %glucose max, and %HR max. Male and female subjects maximally showed 55.9%HLa max and 93.3%HLa max during the game period respectively. Similarly, in the %HRmax male and female subjects showed 87.35% and 102.62% HRmax respectively. Throughout the game both of the subjects maintained the increased plasma glucose level, which usually appears on supra intensity exercise. No significant statistical differences existed on HLa between each round of the game. Significant differences were found in glucose between each round at the p<0.05 level. Male and female subjects showed 55.5ml/㎏/min and 51.4ml/㎏/min in VO₂max The results suggested that female athletes sustain heavier work than male athletes during the game.

Key Words

박광동KwangDongPark

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanical characteristics of the last approch, the touch down on vaulting board, the take off, the preflight and the hand touch on long horse during the motion of handspring and Salto Forward Tucked on the long horse. Kinematic and Kinetic factors were analyzed in terms of cinematograpic analysis and force-platform which was fabricated by writer. 10 male Gymnastic players were devided into two groups : each group is composed of five subjects on the basis of their performance. In terms of Cimematography, Kinematic factors such as time, displacement, velocity, angular rotations, angular velocity are studied and analyzed using force-platform. The results obtained form those two groups are as follows : 1. Kinematic analysis The experimental results show that the horizontal displacement of the total C. O. G. is 2.28m in group A which is composed of skilled players and 1.97m in groups B unskilled players. The mean difference between those two groups were significant(P<.051). Group A(0.56sec) moved faster than group B(0.57sec) in 0.01sec of the required time. However, this is not significant. The averge velocities were 2.59m/sec for the skilled group(A) and 2.49m/sec, 2.43m/sec for the unskilled group(B). This the difference of horizontal velocity was larger for group A than that for group B and the difference of vertical velocity vice versa. The test results showes a significant difference between two(P<.05). Group A contained more values than group B in the resultant velocity to the hand touch on vault this indicates that a significant difference exists between two(p<.05). For the horizontal acceleration of the approach phase. group A retains 0.48m/ sec² and group B-2.66m/sec², group A 2.61m/sec² and group B-2.66m/sec² in the vertical acceleration. The test result showes that there is no significant difference for the incidence angle and the reflex. angle between two. The incidence angle of group A is larger than that group 3 in 4deg. In contrast. The reflex angle of group A is smaller than of group B in 2deg. 2.Kinetic Analysis The differences of forward and backward vertical forces were significant. The forward vertical forces were 234㎏ for group A and 169㎏ for group B. The backward vertical forces shown by group A in 34㎏ and group B in 29㎏. For the maximum vertical forces. group A showed 458㎏ and group B 408㎏ in the forward vertical force. However, group A showed 76㎏ and group B 99㎏ in the backward vertical forces. This indicates that the significant differences exist between two. 3. Correlation of variable factors This research proved that board landing angle depend upon vertical velocity which has relevance of angle of hand touch on long horse. From this results, it can be seen that there is a positive correlation between horizontal velocity and angle of hand touch on long horse in the touch on vaulting board(r=0.72). Also, the test results shows that there is a positive correlation between vertical velocity and angle of hand touch on vault(r=0.49). On the other hand, there is a negative correlation between vertical velocity and angle of landing in the touch on vaulting board. 4. This work supports that touch board and the take off angle velocity depend upon horizontal factors of the approch in the long horse of rotatory system.

Key Words

윤재백JaeBaekYoon , 박경실KyongSilPark

DOI:

Abstract

1. The correlation coefficient between the rotation angles of the right thigh and the angles of the horizontal flight ball is found to be -0.6254 after impact, which represents the high extent of correlation between them. So if the right thigh is wide open to ball flight direction, the angles of the horizontal flight ball is directed to the left. 2. The correlation coefficient between the rotation angles of the hip joint and the angles of the horizontal flight ball marks -0.6055 in address, and -0.3358 after impact respectively. Accordingly the more open the hip joint is to the ball flight direction, the more directed the angles of the horizontal flight ball is to the left. 3. The correlation coefficient between the rotation angles of the left shoulder and the angles of the horizontal flight ball marks 0.7163, showing the close extent of correlation. This result reports that the wider the rotation angles of the left shoulder is, the more directed the angles of the horizontal flight ball is to the right. It is, therefore, required for the accuracy of the ball flight to minimize the rotation angles of the left shoulder with the left arm proximate to the body in impact. 4. The correlation coefficient between the rotation angles of the club shaft and the angles of the horizontal flight ball marks -0.7742 when the club shaft is level with the ground, and 0.1072 after impact respectively. This report suggests that to hit the ball to the target point with accuracy the golfer should minimize the rotation angles of the club shaft when it is level with the ground. The late hitting is needed to do this.

Key Words

윤석창SEOKCHANGYOON

DOI:

Abstract

This study was measured the physigue conditions as the object of 4.884 pupils (2,580 boys and 2,304 girls) and got the regression equation that was able to produce all kind of nutrition index, the body-fat, and the standard weight. By changing the standard errors on the emphasis of the regression equation-line and grasping five evaluation levels, the following is the results : 1. The physiques are increased according to the growth of age : for 6 years the growing interval of stature is 26.33㎝ for boys and 14.79㎝ for girls, that of weight is 16.46㎏ for boys and 17.80㎏ for girls, that of chest is 12.97㎝ for boys and 14.79㎝ for girls, and that of sitting height is 11.21㎝ for boys an 13.74㎝ for girls. According to age, the stature is growing for 10∼11 years-old of boys and for 10∼11 years-old of girls ; the weight is increasing for 10∼11 years-old both boys and girls : the chest is growing for 7∼8 years - old of boys and for 10∼11 years-old of girls. 2. Rohrer’s fidelity index among every kind of nutrition index is between 1.25 and 1.32 for boys and between 1.22 and 1.29 for girls. Kaup’s physigue index is between 1.59 and 1.83 for boys and between 1.54 and 1.80 for girls, Vervaeck’s nutrition index is between 69.10 and 75.96 for boys and between 65.73 and 74.69 for girls. 3. Among the increasing of 6 years, body area is 0.4108㎡ for boys and 0.4407㎡ for girls, and body capacity is 15.31ℓ for boys and 25.34 ℓ for girls, and body density is not increased for boys, but 0.02㎏/ℓ for girls, and the ratio of body - fat is decreased for both boys and girls, but girls connected to the economical fat, and the quantity of body - fat is increased 1.55㎏ for boys and 4. 0.3㎏ for girls, and the dry weight is increased 14.91㎏ for boys anti 13.77㎏ for girls 4. The regression equation of standard weight showed that Y=0.558X × -43.968 for boys and Y=0.473X × -34.5299, for girls(6years - old) : that y=0.706X × -63.226 for boys and Y=0.460X × -36.404 for girls(10 years-old) : that y=0.888X × -89.916 for boys and y=0.917X × -95.752 for girls(11 years - old). The fat of five levels distribution showed, in case of boys, 6.4% (6 years - old), 3.5% (10years-old) and, in case of girls, 3.6% (6 years - old), 3.1% (10 years - old). 3.5%(11 years - old) .

Key Words

이영웅

DOI:

Abstract

This study was to investigate the change of the concentration of blood lactate, glucose and the each records of 6 sets for 800m intermittent exercise. The 20 subjects were middle and long distance run-athletes. The conclusions : 1. The changes of records of 800m intermittent exerise were shown significantly the difference between its records during lst performance to 3rd one, but the rests were not shown a signficant relationship. 2. The level of concentration of blood lactate was presented gradually increment through-out each exercises. The amounts of increment were shown a significant level of p<0.01 during 1st performance to 3rd one in comparison to the level of rest. 3. The level of concentration of glucose between 800m intermittent exercise was increased significantly (p<0.03) as compared with one rest. On a view of tendency of the change, its level was increased during lst and 2nd performance but was shown a tendency of decrement during 3rd one. Then its level was increased again during 4th one and was decreased during 5th and 6th one on comparison to 4th one.

Key Words

이상우 , 신상근 , 정소봉

DOI:

Abstract

Key Words

박희명HiMyungPark , 김유진YuJinKim , 김유영YuYoungKim , 김유문YuMoonKim , 김종석JongSukKim , 이봉렬BongRyeolLee , 김창호ChangHoKim , 박재용JaeYongPark , 채성철SungChulChoi , 전재은JaeEunJun , 정태훈TaeHoonJung , 박의현WeeHyunPark

DOI:

Abstract

To establish the reference values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) and cardiac responses to maximal exercise loading and to propose criteria for the classification of cardiorespiratory (physical) fitness level in Korean adults, symptom-limited maximal exercise test was carried out by Bruce protocol in 731 healthy adult consisting of 425 men and 306 women. Subjects were considered to have done their maximum when they exercised on the treasmill until nearly exhausted and attained maximal respiratory exchange ratio of 1.05 or more. The ages of the subjects ranged from 20 to 66 years in both men and women with the mean (±SD) of 39.1 ± 9.86 and 38.4 ± 10.41 years, respectively. Exercise duration, maximal heart rate (HR max), VO₂ max and maximal O₂ pulse (O₂ pulse max) were 14.8 ± 2.25 min, 187 ± 12.3 beat/min, 51.33 ± 8.77 ml/㎏/min and 18.8 ± 3.07 ml/beat in men, respectively, and 12.8 ± 1.90 min, 183 ± 11.7 beat/min, 43.09 ± 6.76ml/㎏/min and 13.1 ± 1.96 ml/beat in women, respectively. The VO₂ max, exercise duration and HR max decreased with age, and VO₂ max, exercise duration and O₂ pulse max were significantly higher in men than in women in all age groups. Regression formulas using age alone as a variabe revealed that yearly reductions of the maximal exercise duration, VO₂ max and HR max in men were 5.71 sec, 0.42ml/㎏/min and 0.77 best/min, respectively, and those in women were 4.45 sec, 0.37 ml/㎏/min and 0.81 beat/min, respectively. Regression equations for the predication of VO₂ max (ml/㎏/min) using physical characteristics as variables for men and women were : VO₂ max =91-0.40(Age in yr)-0.34(Wt in ㎏), (r=0.58, SEE=-7.20) and VO₂ max=67-0.35(Age)-0.18(Wt), (r=0.62, SEE=5.34), respectively. Equations for the estimation of VO₂ max (ml/㎏/min) using exercise duration (sec) as a variable for men and women were : VO₂ max = 11.25+0.045(Exercise Duration), (r=0.69, SEE=6.32) and VO₂ max = 13.18+0.039(Exercise Duration), (r=0.66, SEE=5.09), respectively. Multiple regression equations for the estimation of VO₂ max for men and women were : VO₂ max=25+0.035(Exercise Duration)-0.16(Age)-0.16(Wt)+0.06(HR max), (r=0.74, SEE=5.93) and VO₂ max=9+0.028(Exercise Duration)-0.18(Age)+0.11(HR max), (r=0.76, SEE=4.41), respectively. To provide reference values for more detailed evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness level, the maximal exercise duration and VO₂ max were presented in 5 percentile in each age group. In addition, criteria for the practical classification of cardiorespiratory fitness levels into five categories were proposed for each age group based on the maximal exercise duration as well as VO₂ max. It was noticeable that VO₂ max in our study is greater than those hitherto reported, primarily as a result of longer exercise duration on the treadmill. This seems to emphasize that results of exercise tests in Koreans, particularly VO₂ max, should be interpreted based on our own data, and also suggests that the reason(s) of high VO₂ max in Koreans should be clarified.

Key Words

유창제ChangJaeYoo , 양정옥JeoungOkYang , 이영덕YoungDeokLee

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate of the function in cardio respiratory and responses of testosterone, Estriol and H㎗-C concentration at pre-post of graded maximal exercise on treadmill (LE-5. Jaege. Germany)in female swimmers(5:girl’s high school students, 4 are university students). The conclusions gained from the analyzed data was as follows: 1) HRmax and VEmax of the subjects were 200.2 b/min and 101.9 ℓ/min respectively, VO₂max and VCO₂max were 2.8 ℓ/min, 3.5 ℓ/min respectively. 2) The concentration of estriol at pre-execise(static state) was 0.001 ng/㎖, but that of at post-exercise was 0.014 ng/㎖(significantly increased : P<.005) 3) The concentration of testosterone at pre-exercise(static state) was 0.39 ng/㎖ but that of at post-exercise was 0.50ng/㎖(slightly increased but non-significant) 4) The concentration of H㎗-G at pre-exercise(static state) was 68.76ng/㎗, but that of at post-exercise was 74.32ng /㎗. (slightly increased but non-significant).

Key Words

이철원ChulWonLee

DOI:

Abstract

This study was attemped to analyze the main factors structure of the students’ physical fitness Korean national physical fitness test items applied. The purpose of this study is to research the reasonable application of the test with the premise that the study must be administered in the desirable ways in terms of learning and teaching process, official physical fitness report to athletes of superior ability early excavation. 400 non-athlete male and female students from the first grade of the middle school till the second grade of the high school served simple random sampling method selected as subjects for this study. The results of study are as following : First, There are differences in main factors of the physical fitness by male and female students from the first grade of the middle school till the second grade of the high school. In male students’ case, The main factors of the physical fitness are muscular endurance and the power factors but in female case, are cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance and the power factors. In all its aspects, The power factor indicated the higest discriminating power of the six tests in both male and female students. There are considerable diversities of physical fitness factors in female students compared with male one with six sub-tests applied. Secondly, There are differences in main factors of the physical fitness among male students. The main factors of the physical fitness is power in the middle school days but muscular endurance and power in high school days. Therefore, The factor structure of physical fitness for male students tends to be complex and diverse as they grow up. The cardiovascular endurance indicated low discriminating power of the six tests in any grades. Thirdly, There are differences in the main factors of the physical fitness among female students from the first grade of the middle school till the second grade of the high school. Namely, In the first and second grades of middle school days, the main factors are power and muscular endurance but third grade are only power factor. In high school days, the main factors are power and cardiovascular endurance. In this result, Equable discriminating power is revealed in the three factors of the test and development trend of physical fitness female students’ is not distincted by grades and factors.

Key Words

이강옥KangOkLee

DOI:

Abstract

The subjects who were classified as blood emptiness players took 68.56g of doubling Samul-Tang, three times a day between meals, and those who were classified as vigor emptiness players took 68.56g of doubling Sakunja-Tang, and blood and vigor emptiness players took 81.37g of doubling Sibjeon dabo-Tang. 20times in volume of the dosage were filtered after being boiled and then went through a warmer enrichment process in a decompressed rotary evaporator to produce 200㎖ of medicine. After taking the medicine, the changes of the basic motor continuation capacity were studied. blood chemical analysis of the Routine C.B.C, Glucose, Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, Total protein which are responsible for blood making in the body was made in order to see the increase of exercise tolerance. This data was statistically processed with the SAS-package software on the IBM-PC. Paired t-test were administered in order to see the significant change in variables. A one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was run on the data to see any changes among the variables following the taking of the medicine and the data was further processed with Tukey’s H. S.D when statistically significant F was found (P<0.01). The following are major finding of this study: 1. Blood emptiness players. 1) After taking the first dosage, there was a biochemically significant increase in R.B.C., Hgb, Hct, Glucose, Total Protein which are responsible for motor performance such as body endurance. 2) After taking three dosages, there was a biochemically significant increase in R.B.C. Hgb, Hct, Glucose which are responsible for muscular endurance. 2. Vigor emptiness players. 1) After taking the first dosage, there was a biochemically significant increase in Routine C.B. C., Glucose, Total protein, Total cholesterol which are responsible for motor performance such as muscular endurance, body endurance. 3. Blood and vigor emptiness players. 1) After taking the first dosage, there was a biochemically significant increase in R.B,C,m Hgb, Hct. Total cholesterol which are responsible for motor performance such as body endurance. 2) After taking two dosages, there was a biochemically significant increase in the Routine C.B.C. Triglyceride, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Total protein which are responsible for muscular endurance.

Key Words

양정수JungSuYang , 양용길YongGilYang

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long term training on the rate of maximum increase and recovery of heart rate in the specific sports. The subjects were 50 male college athletes from 7 kinds of sports events and 6 male non-athletes of K university. By analysis of experimental data, following results were obtained. 1. The rate of maximum increase of heart rate was shown 240% in case of boxers, 231% in middle and long distance runners, 229% in swimmers, 210%. in walking racers, 197% in jumpers, 195% in field hockey players, 192% in judists, and 182% in non-athletes. The rate of maximum increase of heart rate were shown significantly difference among groups just as presented table 3. 2. The rate of recovery(1st min.) of heart rate after exercise was shown 46∼45% in case of walking racers and middle and long distance runners. 40∼39% in field hockey players, swimmers and boxers, 36∼34% in Judists and jumpers, and 29.5% in non-athletes. The rate of recovery(1st min.) of heart rate was shown significantly difference between athletes and non-athlete. 3. The rate of recovery(2nd min.) of heart rate was shown 58.5∼56% in case of walking racers, middle and long distance runners, judists and field hockey players, 53% in boxers and swimmers, and 48% in non-athietes. The rate of recovery(2nd min.) of heart rate was shown significantly difference among groups just as presented table 5. 4. In case of the rate of recovery(3∼5min.) of heart rate, Athletes were recovered higher than non-athletes, but were not shown significantly difference among groups. 5. The rate of recovery(5min.) of heart rate was shown 71∼70% in case of field hockey players, judists and jumpers, 69∼67% in walking racers, boxers, middle and long distance runners and swimmers, and 65% in non-athletes.

Key Words

공응대

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analysis the blood gas concentration during 800m interval exercise. Subjects were light traied triathlon, middle and long distance runners. The subjects ran 800m at their best level followed by a 5 minute recovery. They then ran nine more 800m at their best times. 1. The trained runner’s repeated performance times from the first to fourth repetition running time showed significantly decrease. And their repeated performance time from the fifth to the tenth repetition running time showed no significantly decrease. 2. This result sugested that the pH, HCO₃^-, Po₂, Pco₂ were affected to 800m interval running performance and one kind of fatigue evaluative factors. 3. The 800m interval exercise repeated running times decrease from first to fourth and plateaus from fourth to tenth tendency curve were like same tendency curves to pH, HCO₃^-, Pco₂ decreased and Po₂ increased tendency curve. 4. The pH in the venous blood were significantly decreased during 1st and 2nd, increased during 3rd and 4th, and plateaus from 4th to 10th repeated performance. 5. The HCO₃^- and Pco₂ in the venous blood were significantly decreased from 1st to 4th and plateaus from 4th to 10th repeated running exercise. 6. The Po₂ in the venous blood was increased from 1st to 4th and plateaus from 4th to 10th repeated intermittence endurance test.

Key Words

전태원TaeWonJun

DOI:

Abstract

This study have two different purpose ; one is to compare the cardiorespiratory function of made and female four student groups : elementary-, middle-, high- and college level, the other is to produce the prediction equations for evaluating the maximal oxygen uptake and AT of the same groups. The all subjects in this study were 159 : elementary school, middle school, high school, and college, is 49, 41, 28, 39 respectively. 1. Body size and V˙O₂ max(l/ min, ㎖/ ㎏/ min) The body weight, FFW, V˙O₂ max of both sex showed very high positive correlation : 0.88∼0.94. However, male subjects’ slope was 8∼15% higher than that of females. On the other hand, Both male and female subjects’ body weight, FFW and V˙O₂max /㎏ showed very low negative correlation : -0.05∼-0.14. 2. Breathing, Circulation and V˙O₂ max At the same V˙O₂ level, V˙_E was significantly low in accordance with the school levels : V_E of college level was most low among the four school levels. Minute ventilation( V_E) between male and female was neally same at the beginning stage of exercise. When their V_EO₂ reached at 1.51/min point, however, there was significant difference between male and female subjects’ V_E. Like minute ventilation, male subjects’ breathing rate(BR) was significantly lowered in accordance with the rise in school levels(p<0.01). Female subjects BR, however, did not show significant difference among the four school levels although it was fewly decreased by the rise in school levels. The heart rate at every submaximal intensity was significantly different between male and female, and among four levels of school as well. In other words, male subjects’ submaximal heart rate was higher than that of female subjects by the rise in school level. Maximal heart rate, however, did not show significant difference at all cases. 3. AT-V˙O₂ and AT-HR The difference of AT-V˙O₂ between male and female was gradually grown large by the level-up of their school levels : elementary school students had lowest AT-V˙O₂ among four levels of school. There was not significant difference in AT- V˙O₂ /㎏ among four levels of school although AT-V˙O₂/㎏ was also higher in male than female. Like AT-V˙O₂, the difference of AT-HR between male and female was rapidly grown large by the level-up of their school levels. 4. The prediction equations of V˙O₂ max, AT-V˙O₂ and AT-HR Both male and female subjects’ R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on V˙O₂ max was 0.92∼0.95 and 10.8∼12.5% respectively. Both male and female subjects’ R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on V˙O₂/㎏ was 0.40∼0.50 and 11.3∼16.0% respectively. Both male and female subjects’ R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on AT-V˙O₂ was 0.74∼0.88 and 6.6∼11.7% respectively. Both male and female subjects’ R and coefficients of variation of the prediction equations on AT-HR was 0.52∼0.58 and 4.9∼6.7% respectively. Four prediction equations for each sex presented as follows.

Key Words

구명수

DOI:

Abstract

Key Words

이충일ChoongIlLee

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on the learning of motor skills in Motor quotient, the subjects for this study consisted of 45 middle school girls with each group 15 persons, and then M.Q. groups were classified into three groups, that is High average(120), Normal average(90∼110), and Low average(80∼89). Each group was trained for six weeks basket ball dribble, which is divided into the closed skills and open skills. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. M.Q, H.A. group is definitely superior to the others on the motor skill performance. 2. There was no significance differences between M.Q, H.A. group and M.Q, L.A. one but it was found out that there was significant diference same as above in P<0.05 at level under final test. 3. In the correlation to the motor skill it is found out that M.Q. is more related to it than others. These conclusions have such implications as followed : 1) We should give especially consideration to M.Q. than any others in selection of athletes. 2) To cultivate good player of sports it is very important to select the distinguished person in M.Q. aspect. 3) In selection we should exclude the person who is under M.Q, L.A.

Key Words

박정래GsongRaePark

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of training on the cardiorespiratory function and hormonal responses during 12 weeks in adolescents. To do this, the sample of 24 healthy high school males are divided into two groups : WT(Weight Training Group)and AT(Aerobic Training Group). These two groups are repeatedly compared and measured for 12 weeks. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. VO₂ max and VE max were increased gradually during the training period both WT and AT group. And, these were significantly increased in AT group (p<0.05). 2. HR at rest and HR max were decresed gradually during the training period both WT and AT group. But, these were not significant differences between two groups. 3. HR after a 5min recovery was decreased gradually during the training period both WT and AT group. And, these were significantly decreased in AT group(p<0.05). 4. Plasma Catecholamine concentrations were peaked after 8 weeks both WT and AT group. But, these were not significant differences between two groups. 5. Plasma GH and Cortisol concentrations were increased gradually during the training period both WT and AT group. But these were not significant differences between two groups.

Key Words

이석주SeokZooLee

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body composition(Skinfold Thickness method), maximum oxygen intake, and maximum respiro-circulatory performance at the treadmill work load. The subjects were 23 students at H university : Physical Education major with 12, Non-major student with 11. The conclusions were as follows : 1. For the body composition, physical education major student were 13.11% in fat, 62.70㎏ in Lean Body Mass, While non-major student were 14.20% in fat, 52.91㎏ in Lean body Mass. 2. The maximum oxygen intake was significantly lower at non-major student than at physical education major. 3. The anaerobic threshold was appeared low, in terms of AT-V˙O₂, AT-%V˙O₂max, AT-V˙O₂ /wt, AT-V˙E, at the non-major student than at physical education major.

Key Words

전엄봉EomBongChun

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on serum lipid lipoproteins, and to prevent & maintain obese & non-obese women’s health by aerobic dance program. The result are follows; 1. In the obese group showed significant change in TC, TG, HDL-C, TC/HDL ratio, and LDL-C(P<0.05-P<0.01), while non-obese group showed significant in TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, but TC and TG did no change significantly. 2. The comparison between obese & non-obese group appeared significantly in TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C(P<0.05), but TC and TC/HDL-C Ration did not change significantly. 3. Aerobic exercise program can be help to prevent for Corenary Artery Disease.

Key Words

정찬모ChanMoCHUNG , 김영희YoungHeeKIM

DOI:

Abstract

The Purpose of this study was to examine the aerobic and anaerobic threshold of weight-class contestans for exercise prescription. The number of experimental subjects were 60: weight-class contestants were 24(Taekwondo 8, Wrestling 8, Boxing 8,) long distance runners were 20, and non-athletes were 16. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Under the condition of maximal exercise test 1) The mean of VO₂max and VO₂㎖/㎏/min of weight-class contestants were 5.1 ℓ/min and 82.4㎖/㎏/min. 2) The mean of HRmax was 210.0bpm. 3) The mean of BF was 70.0bpm. 4) The mean of O₂ pulse was 25.2㎖/beat. 2. Under the condition of anaerobic threshold 1) The means of AT-VO₂max, AT-VO₂㎖/㎏/min, and AT-VO₂ max were 3.9 ℓ/min, 59.3㎖/㎏/min, and 76.7%. 2) The mean of AT-HR and AT-%HRmax were 186.7bpm and 88.8%. 3) AT-O₂ pulse was 19.0㎖/beat. 4) AT-time was 18.8 minutes. 3. Aerobic and anaerbic capacity was no significant difference among the weight-class contestans. 4. Weight-class contestants was inferior to middle and long distance runners in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

Key Words

최창국ChangKukChoi

DOI:

Abstract

The subject for this study was selected two kinds of people : training of the DAN-JUN respiration, untraining of the DAN-JUN respiration. The purpose of this study was to investigate of change of between two kinds of people. Then, the results show following details : 1. There was significant difference between before-training group and after-training group, after-training group and untraining group of blood pressure at balance. The after-training group was lower rate of increment than other groups, but meaningless. 2. There was significant difference between after-training group and other groups of heart-rate at balance and after harvard step. The after-training groups was faster recovery than other groups at passed 30 min. after harvard step. 3. There was insignificant difference from three groups of grasping power. The MT group was higher increment than other groups at balance, after harvard step, passed 30 min, after harvard step. 4. There was insignificant difference from three groups of the capacity of the lungs. The after-training group was higher increment than other groups at balance, after harvard step, passed 30 min. after harvard step. 5. There was insignificant difference from three groups of epinephrine at balance, harvard step and passed 30 min. after harvard step. 6. There was significant difference between after-training group and other group of norepinephrine at after harvard step. There was insignificant difference from three groups but after-training group was lower increment than other groups at passed 30 min, after harvard step. 7. There was insignificant difference from three groups but after-training group was lower increment than other groups of cortisol at balnace and harvard step. There was significant difference between after-training group and before-training at passed 30 min. after harvard step. The following conclusion was made based on the finding of the study. We can find that it was important factors that heart-rate was reduced and grip strength was increased et al. So I think that the training of DAN-JUN respiration has enough value to be practically applied to increase of health and increase of ability of sport.

Key Words

양점홍JumHongYang

DOI:

Abstract

This study aims to look into effects on fitness of the elderly`s physical activity. Subjects were selected among the elderly who were enlisted in school for the elderly attached to Sport for All Association in P city. These subjects were volunteers who agreed with intention of this researcher and were willing to take part in this study. Subjects were composed of 7 men(average age of 71.14±4.06) and 6 women(average age of 69.83±2.23), a total of 13 members. Physical activity(walk and aquatic exercise) with intensity of 70∼85% of their surveyed HRmax and RPE 13∼15 and stretching and calisthenics were performed. Physical activity was done for 40∼60 minutes by one time and the period of physical activity totaled 12 weeks, 3 times by the week. The conclusion acquired was as follows : 1. Aspect of Fitness 1) Physical activity much improved fitness for performance. (1) Hand grip strength was increased respectively in both group but with no statistical significance. (2) Back strength was significantly increased in female group(32.4%). (3) Vertical jump was greatly increased(8.93% in male group and 14.47% in female group) but with no statistical significance. (4) Standing trunk flexion was significantly increased respectively in both groups : 77.2%(in male group) and 150.33%(in female group). (5) One foot balance with closed eyes was greatly increased(137.74% in male group and 66.67% in female group) but with no statistical significance. (6) 12-minutes walk or run was significantly increased respectively 11.62%(in male group) and 10.29%(in female group). (7) Vital capacity was significantly increased respectively : 14.37%(in male group) and 8.18% (in female group). Through this study I think that physical activity of the elderly greatly improved fitness in spite of aging, Consequently speaking, I suggest that physical activity will keep and improve trainability, health and fitness and build the aging society, not to mention delaying aging. It is hoped that the pool and play ground for the elderly should be built.

Key Words

강상조SangJoKang

DOI:

Abstract

The present study was attempted to develop criterion-referenced standard(CRS) of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests currently used and to test the validities of the developed CRS. With respect to the measurement of youth physical fitness, the study was to first overview the various methods of CRS development, secondly to select the health-related criterion measures of the selected subtests through an appropriated method and procedure, and lastly to investigate the criterion measure which could be most validly applied to Korean youth. The 1193 boy and girl subjects were selected from elementary, middle, and high school. The selected health-related physical fitness subtests were 1600m run and walk test for measuring cardiovascular endurance, sit and reach test for measuring flexibility, sit-ups test for measuring muscular strength and endurance, and skinfold thickness test for measuring body composition. The criterion measures of the selected subjects were physical activity(active vs nonactive), blood pressure(high vs normal), degree of CHD risk factor existence(high vs low), existence of CHD risk factor(yes vs no), and body fat(fat vs normal). Classification of outcome probability(C) and phi(Φ) coefficient for estimating validity in a criterion-referenced evaluation were applied to the data, and Berk’s method was used in establishing an optimal cutoff score. The C coefficients were ranged from .90 to .60 and Φ coefficients showed lower than .40.

Key Words

이승국SeungKukLee

DOI:

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the change of blood acid-base eqilibrum and concentration of blood gas during 3th round Matches. Ten varsity Kwon Do players were the subjects. The Pco₂ in venous blood was significantly increased in accordance with succeeding round(p<.001). Magnitude of the increase after 2th round was higher than after land 3round. The Po₂ and O₂ SAT increased in accordance with succeeding round and was significantly increased after 2round(p<.001). The concentration of bicarbonate and pH was significantly decreased(p<.001) after 2 round. It was suggest that metabolic acidosis was induced after 2round.

Key Words

박경실KyungShilPark

DOI:

Abstract

Key Words